Pages

Friday, February 19, 2016

Is a guest who‘s "well-turrned-out" welcome?

This week‘s tranche starts on the "el" notes.

First draft of "el" > /el/  notes

  1. bellyache
    This is the one representative of the many compounds formed with "belly".
  2. beltway
    This is the one representative of the many compounds formed with "belt".
  3. bombshell
    This is the one representative of the many compounds formed with "shell".
  4. bookseller
    This is the one representative of the many compounds formed with "sell[er]".
  5. bookshelf
    This is the one representative of the many compounds formed with "shelf".
  6. caramel
    The Macmillan English Dictionary gives this with /e/, but the pronunciation /ə/ is common (for example, see The Collins English Dictionary).
  7. dumbell
    This escapes the general exclusion of "bell" derivatives, because this is not a bell. Nor indeed is it dumb (although this Etymonline link shows the derivation: the object itself is not dumb, but it makes no noise when brandished – in the absence of a bell-like container).
  8. electromagnetic wave
    On the CD-ROM that accompanies the Macmillan English Dictionary software the audio clip has /e/ rather than /ɪ/ in the first syllable (unlike the entry for the single word). But the speakers are different and there is no transcription for such collocations. Both pronunciations are acceptable and common.
  9. fel(d)spar
    The "d", if present, is silent.
  10. fellatio
    The Macmillan English Dictionary transcribes this with /e/, but the audio sample gives the pronunciation /ə/. Both pronunciations are common and both are acceptable.
  11. gel
    Also spelt "jell".
  12. helpmate
    The Macmillan English Dictionary does not include the synonymous "helpmeet", but other dictionaries (for example the Collins English Dictionary) do. The British National Corpus (BNC) shows a slight preference for "-mate": 8/6. The Corpus of Contemporary American (COCA) shows a much greater preference (62/25), but as COCA is 4.5 times bigger than BNC this suggests a much stronger preference in American for "-mate" over "-meet" (which has an almost equivalent [absolute] frequency on both sides of the Atlantic).
  13. helter-skelter
    Both instances of "el" represent the same sound.
  14. herself
    This is the sole representative of "-self" and "-selves" compounds. Students of ESOL should note that myself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves (and arguably itself [= its + self?] and herself [possessive or objective her?]) are all formed from the possessive pronoun. In contrast, himself, themselves (and arguably itself [= it + self?] and herself [objective or possessive her?]) are formed from the objective pronoun. (In some dialects, hisself and theirselves do exist, but they are not standard.)
  15. melee
    The Macmillan English Dictionary, for the American version, gives the pronunciation /eɪ/ in both syllables. This pronunciation is increasingly heard in the UK, especially among younger speakers (particularly those who haven‘t studied French).
  16. multicellular
    This is the sole representative of the countless words that use the prefix "multi-".
  17. Noel
    This word, sometimes marked with a diaeresis, is a homograph of a word in the /ə/ section.
  18. Orwellian
    Whereas "Churchillian", "Freudian", "Kafkaesque", "Pinteresque", "Shakespearean" , "Shavian", etc. all refer to an author or thinker, and words that refer to a particular story (rarer) append their suffix to the name of the work or character (e.g. "Faustian", "Pooterish"), "Orwellian" usually refers to only one book in that author‘s œuvre and means something like "1984esque".
  19. outsell
    This is the sole representative of the many words that use the prefix "out-".
  20. overdeveloped
    This is the sole representative of the many words that use the prefix "over-".
  21. rapell
    The Macmillan English Dictionary CD-ROM (version 2.3.0711) transcribes the first syllable with the vowel /æ/ but (for both the British and the American audio) it is pronounced /ə/. The transcriptions for the online version are correct.
  22. rebel
    This word, when stressed on the first syllable (with an /ə/ in the second), is a noun; there is also an entry under /ə/. When it is a verb, as here, it takes stress on the second syllable.
  23. self-absorbed and well-adjusted
    The Macmillan English Dictionary notes about 100 such compounds. This is the sole representative of this format, with a few exceptions explained in their notes.
  24. self-righteous and self-serving
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "self-" compounds because the sense of the past participle (or "third part") is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-preservation" in "self-preservation".
  25. shellac
    The Macmillan English Dictionary gives both this and /ə/ as alternative pronunciations for the noun and does not give the verb. Other dictionaries (for example Collins) give both. Some speakers distinguish between the verb with /ə/ and the noun with /e/ (matching a similar distinction between the noun produce ‐ with an open vowel in the first syllable ‐ and the verb produce ‐ with /ə/).
  26. skeletal
    This is stressed on the first syllable. Increasingly, in the UK, there is a version with /ə/ in the first syllable and /i:/ in the (stressed) second syllable. Macmillan English Dictionary gives this, with the shorter /i/ vowel, as an American option.
  27. telecast
    This is the sole representative of the very many words that incorporate the prefix "tele-". (Strictly, this particular word does not use the prefix (as a prefix), as it is a portmanteau word formed from "television" and "broadcast".)
  28. well-appointed, well-born, well-built, well-disposed, and well-heeled
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "well-" compounds because the sense of the past participle (or "third part") is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-defined" in "well-defined".
  29. well-bred
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "well-" compounds because the sense of "-bred" is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-defined" in "well-defined" (that is, a "well-bred" person is not one whose parents are particularly good at breeding).
  30. well-read
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "well-" compounds because the sense of "-read" is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-defined" in "well-defined". Students of ESOL should note that the second syllable has /e/ rather than /i:/.
  31. well-spoken
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "well-" compounds because the sense of "-spoken" is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-defined" in "well-defined" – in one sense of "well-spoken" (when it means "with the accent of an educated person". If someone is "well spoken of" there should be no hyphen.)
  32. well-turned-out
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "well-" compounds because the sense of "-turned-out" is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-defined" in "well-defined". You cannot say that a holiday that turns out well is "well-turned-out"; nor can you say that an unwelcome guest who has been ejected is "well-turned-out" (although, if their clothes were fine, they might be "well-turned-out").
  33. well-versed
    This is an exception to the general exclusion of "well-" compounds because the sense of "-versed" is not as clearly relevant as is, for example the "-defined" in "well-defined". In any case, the word "versed" is hardly current.

No comments:

Post a Comment